Six ILI sentinel surveillance sites were operated in the referral hospitals of Kampong Cham (Eastern Cambodia), Mondulkiri (Eastern Cambodia), Svay Rieng (Southeast Cambodia), and Kampot (Southwest Cambodia) Provinces and in a children's hospital in Siem Reap (northwestern Cambodia) and in the national pediatric hospital in Phnom Penh (capital city of Cambodia) by the CDC/MoH in collaboration with the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), with assistance from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and WHO Cambodia. It is a joint collaboration between IPC, the Communicable Disease Control Department of the Ministry of Health (CDC/MoH), and the World Health Organization (WHO) office in Cambodia for documenting the dynamics of influenza disease and conducting virological characterization of circulating influenza strains.ДЄn outpatient sentinel surveillance system for influenzaвЂђlike illness (ILI) with a weekly reporting and sampling scheme was established. The Cambodian National Influenza Center (NIC) was established in August 2006 at the Institute Pasteur in Cambodia (IPC). 11, 12 This current study furthers our understanding of influenza in Cambodia and describes the seasonal circulation, genetic and antigenic diversity, and antiviral drug susceptibility analyses of influenza viruses in Cambodia during four consecutive years (2012вЂђ2015). However, yearвЂђround circulation was also described, characteristic of influenza seasonality in tropical/subtropical regions, including some other Southeast Asian countries. 8, 9, 10 These previous data demonstrated a peak in influenza circulation during the rainy season from June to November, which is consistent with influenza circulation in the southern hemisphere. We have previously described the circulation and seasonality of influenza viruses in Cambodia during six consecutive years (2006вЂђ2011) following the establishment of the Cambodian National Influenza Centre (NIC) in 2006. These pandemics can significantly increase morbidity and mortality worldwide, with major economic impacts. 6 In addition, influenza activity is punctuated by occasional pandemics arising from the introduction of novel influenza A viruses into human circulation. 4, 5 Influenza seasonality is more variable in tropical/subtropical regions where circulation can be observed yearвЂђround, although activity is often more intense during rainy seasons. Seasonal influenza epidemics occur every year in temperate regions during the winter months 3: November to March/April in the northern hemisphere and May to September in the southern hemisphere. Annual influenza infections are estimated to result in approximately 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness globally, 1 and 290В 000 to 650В 000 deaths. Influenza is responsible for a large proportion of human morbidity and mortality as a result of infections worldwide. Currently, four antigenically distinct influenza viruses are responsible for human seasonal influenza infections, including two subtypes of influenza A and two lineages of influenza B (B/Yamagata and B/Victoria). Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family of enveloped, segmented negativeвЂђstranded RNA viruses.

Cambodia song 2019